Musa dan Wajah Allah: Kajian Teologis tentang Kehadiran Allah dalam Keluaran 33:7–23
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33991/epigraphe.v8i2.303Kata Kunci:
Exodus 33:7–23; God’s presence; Moses; p?nîm; transcendence; kehadiran Allah; Keluaran 33:7–23; Musa; transendensiAbstrak
Exodus 33:7-23 depicts a relational crisis between Israel and God following the golden calf incident. The tent of meeting shows that Israel's journey depends on God's presence rather than on its destination. Moses' request to see God's glory reveals a paradox between relational intimacy and human limitation. This study explains the theological construction of divine presence through narrative structure and key terms, using a descriptive qualitative method through a literature study of the Hebrew text, Bible translations, commentaries, and monographs. The findings show that the tent of meeting functions as a relational space connecting Moses' pursuit, divine communication, worship, and the restoration of the covenant. Divine presence is an accompaniment that shapes Israel's identity while preserving God's transcendence. Knowing God occurs through revelation, accompaniment, and communication and demands obedience and reverence for mystery. The novelty of this study lies in a construction that integrates the tent of meeting, divine accompaniment, the concept of p?nîm, and the limits of Moses' sight so that intimacy and transcendence are read as complementary dimensions.
Abstrak
Keluaran 33:7-23 menggambarkan krisis dalam hubungan Israel dengan Allah setelah peristiwa Anak Lembu Emas. Kemah pertemuan menunjukkan bahwa kelangsungan perjalanan Israel bergantung pada kehadiran Allah, bukan pada tujuan. Permintaan Musa untuk melihat kemuliaan Allah memperlihatkan paradoks antara kedekatan relasional dan keterbatasan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan konstruksi teologis kehadiran Allah melalui struktur narasi dan istilah kunci, menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan studi pustaka terhadap teks Ibrani, terjemahan, tafsir, dan monograf. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kemah pertemuan menjadi ruang relasional yang menghubungkan pencarian Musa, komunikasi ilahi, penyembahan, dan pemulihan perjanjian. Kehadiran Allah merupakan penyertaan yang membentuk identitas Israel sekaligus menjaga transendensi-Nya. Pengenalan Allah berlangsung melalui pewahyuan, penyertaan, dan komunikasi, serta menuntut ketaatan dan penghormatan terhadap misteri. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada konstruksi yang mengintegrasikan kemah pertemuan, penyertaan, konsep p?nîm, dan keterbatasan penglihatan Musa, sehingga kedekatan dan transendensi dibaca sebagai dimensi yang saling melengkapi.
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